The Database of NCOS1959_Mollusca includes 16008 records of Mollusca specimen collected in the Marine Biological Museum of Chinese Academy of Sciences during the National Comprehensive Oceanographic Survey (NCOS) from 1958 to1960. The surveyed area covered the coast of China Seas, including the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, almost 1200 sampling stations. Most taxa of marine invertebrates were obtained in this survey.